Uses of Base Form (V1)
🔹With Time Clauses
If the main clause is in the future, we use base form with time clauses starting with:
- when
- as soon as
- by the time
- after
- before
- as long as
- until
Examples:
When she arrives, we will start.
I will wait for him until he comes.
The students will have completed their assignments by the time the lecture ends.
Note: In above examples, we use present tense to talk about future time.
🔹With Certain Verbs
Use base form with the following verbs:
- see
- watch
- hear
- notice
- observe
- feel
Examples:
You heard her sing a song.
I saw him eat the mangoes.
She felt the earth shake.
🔹With Certain Expressions
Use base form after these expressions:
- couldn’t help but,
- nothing but,
- nothing except,
- would rather than.
Examples:
He couldn’t help but laugh.
She did nothing but weep.
I would rather die than beg.
🔹 With Auxiliary Verbs
Use base form with the following auxiliary verbs : do, does, did.
Examples:
Does he come on time?
She did not participate in the debate.
Note: ‘Do, does, did’ are sometimes used in declarative sentences for emphasis.
Example: Ellen does understand the importance of honesty.
🔹Use of Bid + Object + Base Form (V1)
After bid (meaning order or command), we use object + base form (V1) of the verb without “to.”
Example:
He bade me leave the room.
Uses of Past Form (V2)
🔹Would rather + Person
Past form is used with ‘would rather + person’.
It is used for preference.
Examples:
I would rather Harry drove the car.
I would rather he helped me.
🔹 It is High Time
Past form is used with expression "it is time/it is high time"
It is high time he bought applied for the job.
Uses of Past Participle (V3)
The Past Participle is used:
🔹 After the auxiliary verbs
has
have
had
will have
shall have
He has installed a new application.
She will have washed the clothes by evening.
🔹 In Passive Voice
Tea was taken by me.
The price of petrol has been increased.
🔹 As an Adjective
The police are searching the lost child.
The broken glass injured her feet.
Uses of Present Participle(ing Form)
🔹 After Certain Verbs
We use gerund(V-ing) after the following verbs:
enjoy
finish
suggest
stop
keep
avoid
miss
deny
admit
prevent
succeed
spend
propose
mention
remember
forget
Examples:
She finished washing the dishes.
He avoided meeting the stranger.
I could not help laughing.
Note: In these sentences the -ing form works as a noun
🔹 After Certain Expressions
We use gerund(V-ing) after the following expressions:
get used to
is used to
averse to
look forward to
devote to
with a view to
can’t help
don't mind
Examples:
He got used to smoking at an early age.
She went to the market with a view to buying a book.
🔹 After Prepositions
We use gerund(V-ing) after prepositions.
Examples:
He succeeded in getting first position.
We insisted on staying indoors.
She is afraid of climbing the mountain.